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Disease Profile

Glycogen storage disease type 0, liver

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Childhood

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ICD-10

E74.0

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Liver GSD 0; Liver glycogen storage disease 0; Hepatic glycogen synthase deficiency;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Metabolic disorders

Summary

Glycogen storage disease type 0, liver (liver GSD 0), a form of glycogen storage disease (GSD), is a rare abnormality of glycogen metabolism (how the body uses and stores glycogen, the storage form of glucose).[1] Unlike other types of GSD, liver GSD 0 does not involve excessive or abnormal glycogen storage, and causes moderately decreased glycogen stores in the liver.[2] Symptoms typically begin in infancy or in early childhood and may include drowsiness, sweating, lack of attention, fasting hypoglycemia associated with hyperketonemia, seizures, and other findings.[2][1] It is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme glycogen synthetase in the liver, due to mutations in the GYS2 gene. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Treatment involves a specific diet that includes frequent meals with high protein intake during the day, and uncooked starch in the evening. The prognosis is usually favorable when the disease is correctly managed.[1] This condition differs from another form of GSD 0 which chiefly affects the muscles and heart (Glycogen storage disease type 0, muscle) and is thought to be caused by mutations in the GYS1 gene.[3]

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Glycosuria
Glucose in urine
0003076
Irritability
Irritable
0000737
Ketonuria
0002919
Ketosis
High levels of ketone bodies
0001946
Ketotic hypoglycemia
0012734
Postprandial hyperglycemia
0011998
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract
0011024
Elevated hepatic transaminase
High liver enzymes
0002910
Failure to thrive
Faltering weight
Weight faltering

[ more ]

0001508
Global developmental delay
0001263
Hyperlipidemia
Elevated lipids in blood
0003077
Lethargy
0001254
Seizure
0001250
Short stature
Decreased body height
Small stature

[ more ]

0004322
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Fasting hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar when fasting
0003162
Increased serum lactate
0002151
Neonatal hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar in newborn
0001998

Treatment

The resources below provide information about treatment options for this condition. If you have questions about which treatment is right for you, talk to your healthcare professional.

Management Guidelines

  • Orphanet Emergency Guidelines is an article which is expert-authored and peer-reviewed that is intended to guide health care professionals in emergency situations involving this condition.

    Organizations

    Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

    Organizations Supporting this Disease

      Learn more

      These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

      Where to Start

      • Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Glycogen storage disease type 0, liver. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.

        In-Depth Information

        • Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
        • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
        • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
        • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
        • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Glycogen storage disease type 0, liver. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

          References

          1. R. Froissart. Glycogen storage disease due to hepatic glycogen synthase deficiency. Orphanet. September 2009; https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=2089. Accessed 6/11/2015.
          2. L Ierardi-Curto. Glycogen-Storage Disease Type 0. Medscape Reference. February 14, 2014; https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/944467-overview. Accessed 6/11/2015.
          3. V A. McKusick. GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE 0, MUSCLE. OMIM. May 12, 2014; https://omim.org/entry/611556. Accessed 6/11/2015.